I don't think they really did know that her actual name was Bloom. Since Mike found her during a fire emergency, the only way of telling that she wasn't from Earth, was she was surrounded by that sphere and Daphne was calling to Mike asking her to "save" and "help" and "take care of me". (It never gave any indication that the little girl's name was Bloom)
In my personal opinion, I think the two adults just chose the name and coincidentally, it turned out to be her actual name. (I think the creators did it so we wouldn't have to get used to another name since she sees images of her parents throughout the series)